Na-emetụta ogo dị ọkụ nke ahịa ụgbọ ala eletrik,batrị lithium-ion, dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke ụgbọ ala eletrik, e mesiri ike nke ukwuu.Ndị mmadụ na-agba mbọ ịzụlite ogologo ndụ, ike dị elu, ezigbo batrị lithium-ion nchekwa.N'etiti ha, attenuation nkebatrị lithium-ionikike dị nnọọ kwesịrị ka onye ọ bụla nlebara anya, nanị nghọta zuru ezu nke ihe kpatara attenuation nke lithium-ion batrị ma ọ bụ usoro, iji nwee ike idepụta ọgwụ ziri ezi iji dozie nsogbu ahụ, na lithium-ion batrị ike mere na attenuation?
Ihe kpatara mmebi ikike nke batrị lithium-ion
1.Positive electrode ihe
LiCoO2 bụ otu n'ime ihe cathode a na-ejikarị (ụdị 3C na-ejikarị, na batrị ike na-ebu ternary na lithium iron phosphate).Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okirikiri na-abawanye, mfu nke ion lithium na-arụ ọrụ na-enye aka na ire ere.Mgbe okirikiri 200 gasịrị, LiCoO2 emeghị mgbanwe nke usoro, kama ọ bụ mgbanwe na usoro lamellar, na-eduga na ihe isi ike na Li + de-embedding.
LiFePO4 nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nhazi, mana Fe3 + dị na anode na-agbaze ma na-ebelata ka Fe metal na graphite anode, na-akpata mmụba anode polarization.Na mkpokọta, a na-egbochi mgbasa Fe3 + site na mkpuchi nke irighiri LiFePO4 ma ọ bụ nhọrọ nke electrolyte.
NCM ternary material ① Transition metal ions na mgbanwe metal oxide cathode ihe dị mfe igbari na okpomọkụ dị elu, si otú a na-ahapụ na electrolyte ma ọ bụ na-edebe ihe na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ na-eme ka attenuation ikike;② Mgbe voltaji dị elu karịa 4.4V vs. Li + / Li, mgbanwe nhazi nke ihe ternary na-eduga ná mmebi ikike;③ Li-Ni ahịrị agwakọta, na-eduga na mgbochi nke ọwa Li+.
Isi ihe na-akpata mmebi ikike na batrị lithium-ion dabeere na LiMnO4 bụ 1. a gaghị agbanwe oge ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nhazi, dị ka aberration Jahn-Teller;na 2. mgbasa nke Mn na electrolyte (ọnụnọ HF na electrolyte), mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ mbelata na anode.
2.Negative electrode ihe
Ọgbọ nke mmiri ozuzo lithium n'akụkụ anode nke graphite (akụkụ nke lithium na-aghọ "lithium nwụrụ anwụ" ma ọ bụ na-emepụta lithium dendrites), na obere okpomọkụ, mgbasa ozi lithium ion na-ebelata ngwa ngwa na-eduga na ọdịda lithium, na mmiri ozuzo lithium dịkwa mfe ime. mgbe N/P ruru oke ala.
Nbibi ugboro ugboro na uto nke ihe nkiri SEI n'akụkụ anode na-eduga ná nkwụsị nke lithium na ụba polarization.
Usoro a na-eme ugboro ugboro nke ntinye lithium / de-lithium na-ewepu na anode nke dabeere na silicon nwere ike iduga n'ụzọ dị mfe na mgbasawanye olu na ọdịda ọdịda nke ihe ndị dị na silicon.Ya mere, maka silicon anode, ọ dị oke mkpa ịchọta ụzọ iji gbochie mgbasawanye olu ya.
3.Electrolyte
Ihe ndị dị na electrolyte na-eme ka ike gwụ nkebatrị lithium-iongụnyere:
1. Decomposition nke ihe mgbaze na electrolytes (oké ọdịda ma ọ bụ nchekwa nsogbu dị ka gas mmepụta), n'ihi na organic solvents, mgbe oxidation nwere ike karịrị 5V vs. Li + / Li ma ọ bụ Mbelata ikike bụ ala karịa 0.8V (iche iche electrolyte decomposition voltaji bụ. dị iche iche), dị mfe ire ere.N'ihi na electrolyte (eg LiPF6), ọ dị mfe decompose na elu okpomọkụ (n'elu 55 ℃) n'ihi ogbenye kwụsie ike ;.
2. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cycles na-abawanye, mmeghachi omume n'etiti electrolyte na electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma na-abawanye, na-eme ka ikike ịnyefe oke ghara ịda mbà.
4.Diaphragm
The diaphragm nwere ike igbochi eletrọn wee mezuo nnyefe nke ion.Otú ọ dị, ike nke diaphragm ibufe Li + na-ebelata mgbe oghere diaphragm na-egbochi ngwaahịa ire ere nke electrolyte, wdg, ma ọ bụ mgbe diaphragm na-adaba na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma ọ bụ mgbe diaphragm dị afọ.Na mgbakwunye, nguzobe nke lithium dendrites na-amapu diaphragm na-eduga na sekit dị mkpirikpi nke ime bụ isi ihe kpatara ọdịda ya.
5. Ịnakọta mmiri mmiri
Ihe na-akpata ọnwụ ikike n'ihi onye nchịkọta bụ n'ozuzu corrosion nke onye nchịkọta.A na-eji ọla kọpa mee ihe dị ka onye na-anakọta ihe na-adịghị mma n'ihi na ọ dị mfe oxidize na ikike dị elu, ebe a na-eji aluminum eme ihe dị ka onye nchịkọta dị mma n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ịmepụta lithium-aluminom alloy na lithium na obere ikike.N'okpuru voltaji dị ala (dị ka 1.5V na n'okpuru, n'elu-agbapụta), ọla kọpa oxidizes na Cu2 + na electrolyte na nkwụnye n'elu nke na-adịghị mma electrode, na-egbochi de-embedding nke lithium, na-akpata nbibi ike.Na n'akụkụ dị mma, overcharging nkebatrịna-akpata nsị nke onye na-anakọta aluminom, nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye nkwụsi ike n'ime na mmebi ikike.
6. Ihe ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na nkwụsị
Ịkwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ndị na-agbapụta ego nwere ike iduga n'ike n'ike nke batrị lithium-ion.Mmụba nke chaja/mgbasa ọkụ pụtara na mgbochi polarization nke batrị na-abawanye otu a, na-eduga na mbelata ikike.Na mgbakwunye, nrụgide na-akpata mgbasa nke na-ebute site na ịchaji na ịwụsa na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịba ụba na-eduga na nkwụsị nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ cathode na ngwa ngwa ịka nká nke batrị.
N'ihe banyere ịchaji na batrị na-ebufe ibu, electrode na-adịghị mma na-enwekarị mmiri ozuzo lithium, electrode ziri ezi nke oke lithium na-ewepu usoro na-adaba, na oxidative decomposition nke electrolyte (mmepụta nke ngwaahịa na mmepụta gas) na-eme ngwa ngwa.Mgbe batrị wụsara n'elu, foil ọla kọpa na-agbaze (na-egbochi lithium de-embedding, ma ọ bụ na-emepụta dendrites ọla kọpa ozugbo), na-eduga n'ibelata ikike ma ọ bụ ọdịda batrị.
Ọmụmụ usoro ịchaji egosila na mgbe voltaji mbelata chaja bụ 4V, iwetulata voltaji mbelata chaja nke ọma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 3.95V) nwere ike melite ndụ okirikiri batrị.E gosikwara na ịchaji batrị ngwa ngwa na 100% SOC na-emebi ngwa ngwa karịa chaja ngwa ngwa na 80% SOC.Na mgbakwunye, Li et al.chọpụtara na ọ bụ ezie na pulsing nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nchaji, nguzogide n'ime batrị ga-ebili nke ukwuu, na ọnwụ nke electrode na-adịghị mma na-arụ ọrụ dị njọ.
7.Okpomọkụ
Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na ike nkebatrị lithium-iondịkwa oke mkpa.Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogologo oge, a na-enwe mmụba nke mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ n'ime batrị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ire ere nke electrolyte), na-eduga na nkwụsị nke enweghị ike ịgbagha.Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na obere okpomọkụ ruo ogologo oge, ngụkọta mgbochi nke batrị na-abawanye (electrolyte conductivity mbelata, SEI impedance na-abawanye, na ọnụego nke electrochemical mmeghachi omume na-ebelata), na lithium mmiri ozuzo site na batrị na-adịkarị mfe ime.
Ihe dị n'elu bụ isi ihe kpatara mmebi ikike batrị lithium-ion, site na mmeghe nke dị n'elu ekwenyere m na ị nwere nghọta nke ihe na-akpata mmebi ikike batrị lithium-ion.
Oge nzipu: Jul-24-2023