Na-emetụta ogo dị ọkụ nke ahịa ụgbọ ala eletrik,batrị lithium-ion, dị ka otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi nke ụgbọ ala eletrik, e mesiri ike nke ukwuu. Ndị mmadụ na-agba mbọ ịzụlite ogologo ndụ, ike dị elu, ezigbo batrị lithium-ion nchekwa. N'etiti ha, attenuation nkebatrị lithium-ionikike dị nnọọ kwesịrị ka onye ọ bụla nlebara anya, nanị nghọta zuru ezu nke ihe kpatara attenuation nke lithium-ion batrị ma ọ bụ usoro, iji nwee ike idepụta ọgwụ ziri ezi iji dozie nsogbu ahụ, na lithium-ion batrị ike mere na attenuation?
Ihe kpatara mmebi ikike nke batrị lithium-ion
1.Positive electrode ihe
LiCoO2 bụ otu n'ime ihe cathode a na-ejikarị (ụdị 3C na-ejikarị, na batrị ike na-ebu ternary na lithium iron phosphate). Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke okirikiri na-abawanye, mfu nke ion lithium na-arụ ọrụ na-enye aka na ire ere. Mgbe okirikiri 200 gasịrị, LiCoO2 emeghị mgbanwe nke usoro, kama ọ bụ mgbanwe na usoro lamellar, na-eduga na ihe isi ike na Li + de-embedding.
LiFePO4 nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike nhazi, mana Fe3 + dị na anode na-agbaze ma na-ebelata ka Fe metal na graphite anode, na-akpata mmụba anode polarization. Na mkpokọta, a na-egbochi mgbasa Fe3 + site na mkpuchi nke irighiri LiFePO4 ma ọ bụ nhọrọ nke electrolyte.
NCM ternary material ① Transition metal ions na mgbanwe metal oxide cathode ihe dị mfe igbari na okpomọkụ dị elu, si otú a na-ahapụ na electrolyte ma ọ bụ na-edebe ihe na-adịghị mma n'akụkụ na-eme ka attenuation ikike; ② Mgbe voltaji dị elu karịa 4.4V vs. Li + / Li, mgbanwe nhazi nke ihe ternary na-eduga ná mmebi ikike; ③ Li-Ni ahịrị agwakọta, na-eduga na mgbochi nke ọwa Li+.
Isi ihe na-akpata mmebi ikike na batrị lithium-ion dabeere na LiMnO4 bụ 1. a gaghị agbanwe oge ma ọ bụ mgbanwe nhazi, dị ka aberration Jahn-Teller; na 2. mgbasa nke Mn na electrolyte (ọnụnọ nke HF na electrolyte), mmeghachi omume na-adịghị mma, ma ọ bụ mbelata na anode.
2.Negative electrode ihe
Ọgbọ nke mmiri ozuzo lithium n'akụkụ anode nke graphite (akụkụ nke lithium na-aghọ "lithium nwụrụ anwụ" ma ọ bụ na-emepụta lithium dendrites), na obere okpomọkụ, mgbasa ozi lithium ion na-ebelata ngwa ngwa na-eduga na ọdịda lithium, na mmiri ozuzo lithium dịkwa mfe ime. mgbe N/P ruru oke ala.
Nbibi ugboro ugboro na uto nke ihe nkiri SEI n'akụkụ anode na-eduga ná nkwụsị nke lithium na ụba polarization.
Usoro a na-eme ugboro ugboro nke ntinye lithium / de-lithium na-ewepu na anode nke dabeere na silicon nwere ike iduga n'ụzọ dị mfe na mgbasawanye olu na ọdịda ọdịda nke ihe ndị dị na silicon. Ya mere, maka silicon anode, ọ dị oke mkpa ịchọta ụzọ iji gbochie mgbasawanye olu ya.
3.Electrolyte
Ihe ndị dị na electrolyte na-eme ka ike gwụ nkebatrị lithium-iongụnyere:
1. Decomposition nke ihe mgbaze na electrolytes (oké ọdịda ma ọ bụ nchekwa nsogbu dị ka gas mmepụta), n'ihi na organic solvents, mgbe oxidation nwere ike karịrị 5V vs. Li + / Li ma ọ bụ Mbelata ikike bụ ala karịa 0.8V (iche iche electrolyte decomposition voltaji bụ. dị iche iche), dị mfe ire ere. N'ihi na electrolyte (eg LiPF6), ọ dị mfe decompose na elu okpomọkụ (n'elu 55 ℃) n'ihi ogbenye kwụsie ike ;.
2. Ka ọnụ ọgụgụ nke cycles na-abawanye, mmeghachi omume n'etiti electrolyte na electrodes dị mma na nke na-adịghị mma na-abawanye, na-eme ka ikike ịnyefe oke ghara ịda mbà.
4.Diaphragm
The diaphragm nwere ike igbochi eletrọn wee mezuo nnyefe nke ion. Otú ọ dị, ike nke diaphragm ibufe Li + na-ebelata mgbe oghere diaphragm na-egbochi ngwaahịa ire ere nke electrolyte, wdg, ma ọ bụ mgbe diaphragm na-adaba na okpomọkụ dị elu, ma ọ bụ mgbe diaphragm dị afọ. Na mgbakwunye, nguzobe nke lithium dendrites na-amapu diaphragm na-eduga na sekit dị mkpirikpi nke ime bụ isi ihe kpatara ọdịda ya.
5. Ịnakọta mmiri mmiri
Ihe na-akpata ọnwụ ikike n'ihi onye nchịkọta bụ n'ozuzu corrosion nke onye nchịkọta. A na-eji ọla kọpa mee ihe dị ka onye na-anakọta ihe na-adịghị mma n'ihi na ọ dị mfe oxidize na ikike dị elu, ebe a na-eji aluminum eme ihe dị ka onye nchịkọta dị mma n'ihi na ọ dị mfe ịmepụta lithium-aluminom alloy na lithium na obere ikike. N'okpuru voltaji dị ala (dị ka 1.5V na n'okpuru, n'elu-agbapụta), ọla kọpa oxidizes na Cu2 + na electrolyte na nkwụnye n'elu nke na-adịghị mma electrode, na-egbochi de-embedding nke lithium, na-akpata nbibi ike. Na n'akụkụ dị mma, overcharging nkebatrịna-akpata nsị nke onye na-anakọta aluminom, nke na-eduga n'ịbawanye nkwụsi ike n'ime na mmebi ikike.
6. Ihe ndị na-akwụ ụgwọ na nkwụsị
Ịkwụ ụgwọ dị ukwuu na ndị na-agbapụta ego nwere ike iduga n'ike n'ike nke batrị lithium-ion. Mmụba nke chaja/mgbasa ọkụ pụtara na mgbochi polarization nke batrị na-abawanye otu a, na-eduga na mbelata ikike. Na mgbakwunye, nrụgide na-akpata mgbasa nke na-ebute site na ịchaji na ịwụsa na ọnụ ọgụgụ dị elu nke ịba ụba na-eduga na nkwụsị nke ihe na-arụ ọrụ cathode na ngwa ngwa ịka nká nke batrị.
N'ihe banyere ịchaji na batrị na-ebufe ibu, electrode na-adịghị mma na-enwekarị mmiri ozuzo lithium, electrode ziri ezi nke oke lithium na-ewepu usoro na-adaba, na oxidative decomposition nke electrolyte (mmepụta nke ngwaahịa na mmepụta gas) na-eme ngwa ngwa. Mgbe batrị wụsara n'elu, foil ọla kọpa na-agbaze (na-egbochi lithium de-embedding, ma ọ bụ na-emepụta dendrites ọla kọpa ozugbo), na-eduga n'ibelata ikike ma ọ bụ ọdịda batrị.
Ọmụmụ usoro ịchaji egosila na mgbe voltaji mbelata chaja bụ 4V, iwetulata voltaji mbelata chaja nke ọma (dịka ọmụmaatụ, 3.95V) nwere ike melite ndụ okirikiri batrị. E gosikwara na ịchaji batrị ngwa ngwa na 100% SOC na-emebi ngwa ngwa karịa chaja ngwa ngwa na 80% SOC. Na mgbakwunye, Li et al. chọpụtara na ọ bụ ezie na pulsing nwere ike imeziwanye arụmọrụ nchaji, nguzogide n'ime batrị ga-ebili nke ukwuu, na ọnwụ nke electrode na-adịghị mma na-arụ ọrụ dị njọ.
7.Okpomọkụ
Mmetụta nke okpomọkụ na ike nkebatrị lithium-iondịkwa oke mkpa. Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogologo oge, a na-enwe mmụba nke mmeghachi omume n'akụkụ n'ime batrị (dịka ọmụmaatụ, ire ere nke electrolyte), na-eduga na nkwụsị nke enweghị ike ịgbagha. Mgbe ị na-arụ ọrụ na obere okpomọkụ ruo ogologo oge, ngụkọta mgbochi nke batrị na-abawanye (electrolyte conductivity mbelata, SEI impedance na-abawanye, na ọnụego nke electrochemical mmeghachi omume na-ebelata), na lithium mmiri ozuzo site na batrị na-adịkarị mfe ime.
Ihe dị n'elu bụ isi ihe kpatara mmebi ikike batrị lithium-ion, site na mmeghe nke dị n'elu ekwenyere m na ị nwere nghọta nke ihe na-akpata mmebi ikike batrị lithium-ion.
Oge nzipu: Jul-24-2023